This grant, offered by the MSE Department, is for fundamental research aimed at understanding and controlling the properties and performance of engineering materials. It focuses on the impact of microstructure, surfaces, and coatings, enabling better material design. Key areas of interest include material performance under extreme conditions like impact, temperature variations, corrosion, oxidation, and friction. The program also supports research for biomedical applications of materials. Both experimental and theoretical approaches are encouraged for this comprehensive study of materials and surface engineering.
Opportunity ID: 56354
General Information
Document Type: | Grants Notice |
Funding Opportunity Number: | PD-10-1633 |
Funding Opportunity Title: | Materials and Surface Engineering |
Opportunity Category: | Discretionary |
Opportunity Category Explanation: | – |
Funding Instrument Type: | Grant |
Category of Funding Activity: | Science and Technology and other Research and Development |
Category Explanation: | – |
Expected Number of Awards: | 0 |
Assistance Listings: | 47.041 — Engineering Grants |
Cost Sharing or Matching Requirement: | No |
Version: | Synopsis 11 |
Posted Date: | Aug 04, 2010 |
Last Updated Date: | Aug 22, 2013 |
Original Closing Date for Applications: | Oct 01, 2010 Submission Window Date(s) (due by 5 p.m. proposer’s local time): September 1 – October 1, Annually January 15 – February 15, Annually |
Current Closing Date for Applications: | Aug 14, 2013 This program is no longer accepting new proposals. |
Archive Date: | Aug 22, 2013 |
Estimated Total Program Funding: | $0 |
Award Ceiling: | – |
Award Floor: | – |
Eligibility
Eligible Applicants: | Unrestricted (i.e., open to any type of entity above), subject to any clarification in text field entitled “Additional Information on Eligibility” |
Additional Information on Eligibility: | – |
Additional Information
Agency Name: | U.S. National Science Foundation |
Description: | The MSE program supports fundamental research leading to a better understanding of the effect of microstructure, surfaces, and coatings on the properties and performance of engineering materials; and the ultimate control of these properties through material design. Of particular interest is materials service under conditions such as impact, temperature extremes, corrosion, oxidation, and friction. The program also supports research leading to biomedical applications of materials. Funded research includes both experimental and theoretical approaches. |
Link to Additional Information: | NSF Program Desccription 10-1633 |
Grantor Contact Information: | If you have difficulty accessing the full announcement electronically, please contact:
NSF grants.gov support
grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov Email:grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov |
Version History
Version | Modification Description | Updated Date |
---|---|---|
archived | Aug 22, 2013 | |
updated close date and explanation, program is no longer accepting proposals–rc; | Aug 22, 2013 | |
updated closing date–rc; | Aug 13, 2013 | |
updated closing date–rc; | Jul 16, 2013 | |
May 03, 2013 | ||
Mar 08, 2012 | ||
Mar 17, 2011 | ||
Mar 17, 2011 | ||
Updated closing dates | Mar 17, 2011 | |
Updated closing dates | Mar 17, 2011 | |
Oct 18, 2010 |
DISPLAYING: Synopsis 11
General Information
Document Type: | Grants Notice |
Funding Opportunity Number: | PD-10-1633 |
Funding Opportunity Title: | Materials and Surface Engineering |
Opportunity Category: | Discretionary |
Opportunity Category Explanation: | – |
Funding Instrument Type: | Grant |
Category of Funding Activity: | Science and Technology and other Research and Development |
Category Explanation: | – |
Expected Number of Awards: | 0 |
Assistance Listings: | 47.041 — Engineering Grants |
Cost Sharing or Matching Requirement: | No |
Version: | Synopsis 11 |
Posted Date: | Aug 04, 2010 |
Last Updated Date: | Aug 22, 2013 |
Original Closing Date for Applications: | Oct 01, 2010 Submission Window Date(s) (due by 5 p.m. proposer’s local time): September 1 – October 1, Annually January 15 – February 15, Annually |
Current Closing Date for Applications: | Aug 14, 2013 This program is no longer accepting new proposals. |
Archive Date: | Aug 22, 2013 |
Estimated Total Program Funding: | $0 |
Award Ceiling: | – |
Award Floor: | – |
Eligibility
Eligible Applicants: | Unrestricted (i.e., open to any type of entity above), subject to any clarification in text field entitled “Additional Information on Eligibility” |
Additional Information on Eligibility: | – |
Additional Information
Agency Name: | U.S. National Science Foundation |
Description: | The MSE program supports fundamental research leading to a better understanding of the effect of microstructure, surfaces, and coatings on the properties and performance of engineering materials; and the ultimate control of these properties through material design. Of particular interest is materials service under conditions such as impact, temperature extremes, corrosion, oxidation, and friction. The program also supports research leading to biomedical applications of materials. Funded research includes both experimental and theoretical approaches. |
Link to Additional Information: | NSF Program Desccription 10-1633 |
Grantor Contact Information: | If you have difficulty accessing the full announcement electronically, please contact:
NSF grants.gov support
grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov Email:grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov |
DISPLAYING: Synopsis 10
General Information
Document Type: | Grants Notice |
Funding Opportunity Number: | PD-10-1633 |
Funding Opportunity Title: | Materials and Surface Engineering |
Opportunity Category: | Discretionary |
Opportunity Category Explanation: | – |
Funding Instrument Type: | Grant |
Category of Funding Activity: | Science and Technology and other Research and Development |
Category Explanation: | – |
Expected Number of Awards: | 0 |
Assistance Listings: | 47.041 — Engineering Grants |
Cost Sharing or Matching Requirement: | No |
Version: | Synopsis 10 |
Posted Date: | Aug 22, 2013 |
Last Updated Date: | – |
Original Closing Date for Applications: | – |
Current Closing Date for Applications: | Aug 14, 2013 This program is no longer accepting new proposals. |
Archive Date: | – |
Estimated Total Program Funding: | $0 |
Award Ceiling: | – |
Award Floor: | – |
Eligibility
Eligible Applicants: | Unrestricted (i.e., open to any type of entity above), subject to any clarification in text field entitled “Additional Information on Eligibility” |
Additional Information on Eligibility: | – |
Additional Information
Agency Name: | U.S. National Science Foundation |
Description: | The MSE program supports fundamental research leading to a better understanding of the effect of microstructure, surfaces, and coatings on the properties and performance of engineering materials; and the ultimate control of these properties through material design. Of particular interest is materials service under conditions such as impact, temperature extremes, corrosion, oxidation, and friction. The program also supports research leading to biomedical applications of materials. Funded research includes both experimental and theoretical approaches. |
Link to Additional Information: | NSF Program Desccription 10-1633 |
Grantor Contact Information: | If you have difficulty accessing the full announcement electronically, please contact:
NSF grants.gov support
grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov Email:grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov |
DISPLAYING: Synopsis 9
General Information
Document Type: | Grants Notice |
Funding Opportunity Number: | PD-10-1633 |
Funding Opportunity Title: | Materials and Surface Engineering |
Opportunity Category: | Discretionary |
Opportunity Category Explanation: | – |
Funding Instrument Type: | Grant |
Category of Funding Activity: | Science and Technology and other Research and Development |
Category Explanation: | – |
Expected Number of Awards: | 0 |
Assistance Listings: | 47.041 — Engineering Grants |
Cost Sharing or Matching Requirement: | No |
Version: | Synopsis 9 |
Posted Date: | Aug 13, 2013 |
Last Updated Date: | – |
Original Closing Date for Applications: | – |
Current Closing Date for Applications: | Oct 01, 2013 Submission Window Date(s) (due by 5 p.m. proposer’s local time): January 15 – February 15, Annually September 1 – October 1, Annually |
Archive Date: | – |
Estimated Total Program Funding: | $0 |
Award Ceiling: | – |
Award Floor: | – |
Eligibility
Eligible Applicants: | Unrestricted (i.e., open to any type of entity above), subject to any clarification in text field entitled “Additional Information on Eligibility” |
Additional Information on Eligibility: | – |
Additional Information
Agency Name: | U.S. National Science Foundation |
Description: | The MSE program supports fundamental research leading to a better understanding of the effect of microstructure, surfaces, and coatings on the properties and performance of engineering materials; and the ultimate control of these properties through material design. Of particular interest is materials service under conditions such as impact, temperature extremes, corrosion, oxidation, and friction. The program also supports research leading to biomedical applications of materials. Funded research includes both experimental and theoretical approaches. |
Link to Additional Information: | NSF Program Desccription 10-1633 |
Grantor Contact Information: | If you have difficulty accessing the full announcement electronically, please contact:
NSF grants.gov support
grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov Email:grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov |
DISPLAYING: Synopsis 8
General Information
Document Type: | Grants Notice |
Funding Opportunity Number: | PD-10-1633 |
Funding Opportunity Title: | Materials and Surface Engineering |
Opportunity Category: | Discretionary |
Opportunity Category Explanation: | – |
Funding Instrument Type: | Grant |
Category of Funding Activity: | Science and Technology and other Research and Development |
Category Explanation: | – |
Expected Number of Awards: | 0 |
Assistance Listings: | 47.041 — Engineering Grants |
Cost Sharing or Matching Requirement: | No |
Version: | Synopsis 8 |
Posted Date: | Jul 16, 2013 |
Last Updated Date: | – |
Original Closing Date for Applications: | – |
Current Closing Date for Applications: | Feb 15, 2014 Submission Window Date(s) (due by 5 p.m. proposer’s local time): January 15 – February 15, Annually September 1 – October 1, Annually |
Archive Date: | – |
Estimated Total Program Funding: | $0 |
Award Ceiling: | – |
Award Floor: | – |
Eligibility
Eligible Applicants: | Unrestricted (i.e., open to any type of entity above), subject to any clarification in text field entitled “Additional Information on Eligibility” |
Additional Information on Eligibility: | – |
Additional Information
Agency Name: | U.S. National Science Foundation |
Description: | The MSE program supports fundamental research leading to a better understanding of the effect of microstructure, surfaces, and coatings on the properties and performance of engineering materials; and the ultimate control of these properties through material design. Of particular interest is materials service under conditions such as impact, temperature extremes, corrosion, oxidation, and friction. The program also supports research leading to biomedical applications of materials. Funded research includes both experimental and theoretical approaches. |
Link to Additional Information: | NSF Program Desccription 10-1633 |
Grantor Contact Information: | If you have difficulty accessing the full announcement electronically, please contact:
NSF grants.gov support
grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov Email:grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov |
DISPLAYING: Synopsis 7
General Information
Document Type: | Grants Notice |
Funding Opportunity Number: | PD-10-1633 |
Funding Opportunity Title: | Materials and Surface Engineering |
Opportunity Category: | Discretionary |
Opportunity Category Explanation: | – |
Funding Instrument Type: | Grant |
Category of Funding Activity: | Science and Technology and other Research and Development |
Category Explanation: | – |
Expected Number of Awards: | 0 |
Assistance Listings: | 47.041 — Engineering Grants |
Cost Sharing or Matching Requirement: | No |
Version: | Synopsis 7 |
Posted Date: | May 03, 2013 |
Last Updated Date: | – |
Original Closing Date for Applications: | – |
Current Closing Date for Applications: | Feb 15, 2013 Submission Window Date(s) (due by 5 p.m. proposer’s local time): January 15 – February 15, Annually September 1 – October 1, Annually |
Archive Date: | – |
Estimated Total Program Funding: | $0 |
Award Ceiling: | – |
Award Floor: | – |
Eligibility
Eligible Applicants: | Unrestricted (i.e., open to any type of entity above), subject to any clarification in text field entitled “Additional Information on Eligibility” |
Additional Information on Eligibility: | – |
Additional Information
Agency Name: | U.S. National Science Foundation |
Description: | The MSE program supports fundamental research leading to a better understanding of the effect of microstructure, surfaces, and coatings on the properties and performance of engineering materials; and the ultimate control of these properties through material design. Of particular interest is materials service under conditions such as impact, temperature extremes, corrosion, oxidation, and friction. The program also supports research leading to biomedical applications of materials. Funded research includes both experimental and theoretical approaches. |
Link to Additional Information: | NSF Program Desccription 10-1633 |
Grantor Contact Information: | If you have difficulty accessing the full announcement electronically, please contact:
NSF grants.gov support
grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov Email:grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov |
DISPLAYING: Synopsis 6
General Information
Document Type: | Grants Notice |
Funding Opportunity Number: | PD-10-1633 |
Funding Opportunity Title: | Materials and Surface Engineering |
Opportunity Category: | Discretionary |
Opportunity Category Explanation: | – |
Funding Instrument Type: | Grant |
Category of Funding Activity: | Science and Technology and other Research and Development |
Category Explanation: | – |
Expected Number of Awards: | 0 |
Assistance Listings: | 47.041 — Engineering Grants |
Cost Sharing or Matching Requirement: | No |
Version: | Synopsis 6 |
Posted Date: | Mar 08, 2012 |
Last Updated Date: | – |
Original Closing Date for Applications: | – |
Current Closing Date for Applications: | Feb 15, 2012 Submission Window Date(s) (due by 5 p.m. proposer’s local time): January 15 – February 15, Annually September 1 – October 1, Annually |
Archive Date: | – |
Estimated Total Program Funding: | $0 |
Award Ceiling: | – |
Award Floor: | – |
Eligibility
Eligible Applicants: | Unrestricted (i.e., open to any type of entity above), subject to any clarification in text field entitled “Additional Information on Eligibility” |
Additional Information on Eligibility: | – |
Additional Information
Agency Name: | U.S. National Science Foundation |
Description: | The MSE program supports fundamental research leading to a better understanding of the effect of microstructure, surfaces, and coatings on the properties and performance of engineering materials; and the ultimate control of these properties through material design. Of particular interest is materials service under conditions such as impact, temperature extremes, corrosion, oxidation, and friction. The program also supports research leading to biomedical applications of materials. Funded research includes both experimental and theoretical approaches. |
Link to Additional Information: | NSF Program Desccription 10-1633 |
Grantor Contact Information: | If you have difficulty accessing the full announcement electronically, please contact:
NSF grants.gov support
grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov Email:grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov |
DISPLAYING: Synopsis 5
General Information
Document Type: | Grants Notice |
Funding Opportunity Number: | PD-10-1633 |
Funding Opportunity Title: | Materials and Surface Engineering |
Opportunity Category: | Discretionary |
Opportunity Category Explanation: | – |
Funding Instrument Type: | Grant |
Category of Funding Activity: | Science and Technology and other Research and Development |
Category Explanation: | – |
Expected Number of Awards: | 0 |
Assistance Listings: | 47.041 — Engineering Grants |
Cost Sharing or Matching Requirement: | No |
Version: | Synopsis 5 |
Posted Date: | Mar 17, 2011 |
Last Updated Date: | – |
Original Closing Date for Applications: | – |
Current Closing Date for Applications: | Feb 15, 2012 Submission Window Date(s) (due by 5 p.m. proposer’s local time): January 15 – February 15, Annually September 1 – October 1, Annually |
Archive Date: | – |
Estimated Total Program Funding: | $0 |
Award Ceiling: | – |
Award Floor: | – |
Eligibility
Eligible Applicants: | Unrestricted (i.e., open to any type of entity above), subject to any clarification in text field entitled “Additional Information on Eligibility” |
Additional Information on Eligibility: | – |
Additional Information
Agency Name: | U.S. National Science Foundation |
Description: | The MSE program supports fundamental research leading to a better understanding of the effect of microstructure, surfaces, and coatings on the properties and performance of engineering materials; and the ultimate control of these properties through material design. Of particular interest is materials service under conditions such as impact, temperature extremes, corrosion, oxidation, and friction. The program also supports research leading to biomedical applications of materials. Funded research includes both experimental and theoretical approaches. |
Link to Additional Information: | NSF Program Desccription 10-1633 |
Grantor Contact Information: | If you have difficulty accessing the full announcement electronically, please contact:
NSF grants.gov support
grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov Email:grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov |
DISPLAYING: Synopsis 4
General Information
Document Type: | Grants Notice |
Funding Opportunity Number: | PD-10-1633 |
Funding Opportunity Title: | Materials and Surface Engineering |
Opportunity Category: | Discretionary |
Opportunity Category Explanation: | – |
Funding Instrument Type: | Grant |
Category of Funding Activity: | Science and Technology and other Research and Development |
Category Explanation: | – |
Expected Number of Awards: | 0 |
Assistance Listings: | 47.041 — Engineering Grants |
Cost Sharing or Matching Requirement: | No |
Version: | Synopsis 4 |
Posted Date: | Mar 17, 2011 |
Last Updated Date: | – |
Original Closing Date for Applications: | – |
Current Closing Date for Applications: | Feb 15, 2012 Submission Window Date(s) (due by 5 p.m. proposer’s local time): January 15 – February 15, Annually September 1 – October 1, Annually |
Archive Date: | – |
Estimated Total Program Funding: | $0 |
Award Ceiling: | – |
Award Floor: | – |
Eligibility
Eligible Applicants: | Unrestricted (i.e., open to any type of entity above), subject to any clarification in text field entitled “Additional Information on Eligibility” |
Additional Information on Eligibility: | – |
Additional Information
Agency Name: | U.S. National Science Foundation |
Description: | The MSE program supports fundamental research leading to a better understanding of the effect of microstructure, surfaces, and coatings on the properties and performance of engineering materials; and the ultimate control of these properties through material design. Of particular interest is materials service under conditions such as impact, temperature extremes, corrosion, oxidation, and friction. The program also supports research leading to biomedical applications of materials. Funded research includes both experimental and theoretical approaches. |
Link to Additional Information: | NSF Program Desccription 10-1633 |
Grantor Contact Information: | If you have difficulty accessing the full announcement electronically, please contact:
NSF grants.gov support
grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov Email:grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov |
DISPLAYING: Synopsis 3
General Information
Document Type: | Grants Notice |
Funding Opportunity Number: | PD-10-1633 |
Funding Opportunity Title: | Materials and Surface Engineering |
Opportunity Category: | Discretionary |
Opportunity Category Explanation: | – |
Funding Instrument Type: | Grant |
Category of Funding Activity: | Science and Technology and other Research and Development |
Category Explanation: | – |
Expected Number of Awards: | 0 |
Assistance Listings: | 47.041 — Engineering Grants |
Cost Sharing or Matching Requirement: | No |
Version: | Synopsis 3 |
Posted Date: | Mar 17, 2011 |
Last Updated Date: | – |
Original Closing Date for Applications: | – |
Current Closing Date for Applications: | Feb 15, 2011 Full Proposal Window: January 15, 2011 – February 15, 2011
January 15 – February 15, Annually Thereafter |
Archive Date: | – |
Estimated Total Program Funding: | $0 |
Award Ceiling: | – |
Award Floor: | – |
Eligibility
Eligible Applicants: | Unrestricted (i.e., open to any type of entity above), subject to any clarification in text field entitled “Additional Information on Eligibility” |
Additional Information on Eligibility: | – |
Additional Information
Agency Name: | U.S. National Science Foundation |
Description: | The MSE program supports fundamental research leading to a better understanding of the effect of microstructure, surfaces, and coatings on the properties and performance of engineering materials; and the ultimate control of these properties through material design. Of particular interest is materials service under conditions such as impact, temperature extremes, corrosion, oxidation, and friction. The program also supports research leading to biomedical applications of materials. Funded research includes both experimental and theoretical approaches. |
Link to Additional Information: | NSF Program Desccription 10-1633 |
Grantor Contact Information: | If you have difficulty accessing the full announcement electronically, please contact:
NSF grants.gov support
grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov Email:grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov |
DISPLAYING: Synopsis 2
General Information
Document Type: | Grants Notice |
Funding Opportunity Number: | PD-10-1633 |
Funding Opportunity Title: | Materials and Surface Engineering |
Opportunity Category: | Discretionary |
Opportunity Category Explanation: | – |
Funding Instrument Type: | Grant |
Category of Funding Activity: | Science and Technology and other Research and Development |
Category Explanation: | – |
Expected Number of Awards: | 0 |
Assistance Listings: | 47.041 — Engineering Grants |
Cost Sharing or Matching Requirement: | No |
Version: | Synopsis 2 |
Posted Date: | Mar 17, 2011 |
Last Updated Date: | – |
Original Closing Date for Applications: | – |
Current Closing Date for Applications: | Feb 15, 2011 Full Proposal Window: January 15, 2011 – February 15, 2011
January 15 – February 15, Annually Thereafter |
Archive Date: | – |
Estimated Total Program Funding: | $0 |
Award Ceiling: | – |
Award Floor: | – |
Eligibility
Eligible Applicants: | Unrestricted (i.e., open to any type of entity above), subject to any clarification in text field entitled “Additional Information on Eligibility” |
Additional Information on Eligibility: | – |
Additional Information
Agency Name: | U.S. National Science Foundation |
Description: | The MSE program supports fundamental research leading to a better understanding of the effect of microstructure, surfaces, and coatings on the properties and performance of engineering materials; and the ultimate control of these properties through material design. Of particular interest is materials service under conditions such as impact, temperature extremes, corrosion, oxidation, and friction. The program also supports research leading to biomedical applications of materials. Funded research includes both experimental and theoretical approaches. |
Link to Additional Information: | NSF Program Desccription 10-1633 |
Grantor Contact Information: | If you have difficulty accessing the full announcement electronically, please contact:
NSF grants.gov support
grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov Email:grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov |
DISPLAYING: Synopsis 1
General Information
Document Type: | Grants Notice |
Funding Opportunity Number: | PD-10-1633 |
Funding Opportunity Title: | Materials and Surface Engineering |
Opportunity Category: | Discretionary |
Opportunity Category Explanation: | – |
Funding Instrument Type: | Grant |
Category of Funding Activity: | Science and Technology and other Research and Development |
Category Explanation: | – |
Expected Number of Awards: | 0 |
Assistance Listings: | 47.041 — Engineering Grants |
Cost Sharing or Matching Requirement: | No |
Version: | Synopsis 1 |
Posted Date: | Oct 18, 2010 |
Last Updated Date: | – |
Original Closing Date for Applications: | – |
Current Closing Date for Applications: | Oct 01, 2010 Submission Window Date(s) (due by 5 p.m. proposer’s local time): September 1 – October 1, Annually January 15 – February 15, Annually |
Archive Date: | – |
Estimated Total Program Funding: | $0 |
Award Ceiling: | – |
Award Floor: | – |
Eligibility
Eligible Applicants: | Unrestricted (i.e., open to any type of entity above), subject to any clarification in text field entitled “Additional Information on Eligibility” |
Additional Information on Eligibility: | – |
Additional Information
Agency Name: | U.S. National Science Foundation |
Description: | The MSE program supports fundamental research leading to a better understanding of the effect of microstructure, surfaces, and coatings on the properties and performance of engineering materials; and the ultimate control of these properties through material design. Of particular interest is materials service under conditions such as impact, temperature extremes, corrosion, oxidation, and friction. The program also supports research leading to biomedical applications of materials. Funded research includes both experimental and theoretical approaches. |
Link to Additional Information: | NSF Program Desccription 10-1633 |
Grantor Contact Information: | If you have difficulty accessing the full announcement electronically, please contact:
NSF grants.gov support
grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov Email:grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov |
Related Documents
There are no related documents on this grant.
Packages
Agency Contact Information: | NSF grants.gov support grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov Email: grantsgovsupport@nsf.gov |
Who Can Apply: | Organization Applicants |
Assistance Listing Number | Competition ID | Competition Title | Opportunity Package ID | Opening Date | Closing Date | Actions |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
47.041 | PKG00020412 | Aug 04, 2010 | Feb 15, 2013 | View |
Package 1
Mandatory forms
56354 RR_SF424_1_2-1.2.pdf
56354 PerformanceSite_1_4-1.4.pdf
56354 RR_OtherProjectInfo_1_3-1.3.pdf
56354 RR_KeyPersonExpanded_1_2-1.2.pdf
56354 RR_PersonalData_1_2-1.2.pdf
56354 RR_Budget-1.1.pdf
56354 NSF_CoverPage_1_3-1.3.pdf
Optional forms
56354 RR_SubawardBudget-1.2.pdf
56354 NSF_DeviationAuthorization-1.1.pdf
56354 NSF_SuggestedReviewers-1.1.pdf
56354 NSF_Registration_1_3-1.3.pdf